![]() We present here a summary of the chemical composition, optimal staining condition, use for given neuronal tissue and, where possible, historic usage. The biochemical reactions of most of the staining reagents is based on acidic or basic pH and specific reaction partners such as organelle or biomolecules that exists within the given tissue type. We present here a grouping of the reagents based on their target location: (I) the central nervous system (CNS), (II) the peripheral nervous system (PNS), or (III) both. There is a lack of readily available information for optimal staining of different neuronal tissues for a given purpose. We found a lack of systematic description of all staining reagents, whether they had been used historically or currently used. The neuronal staining reagents have played a fundamental role in the clinical research facilitating the identification of biological mechanisms underlying eye and neuropsychiatric diseases. The use of these reagents provided insight into the organization of the neuronal tissues and helped distinguish nerve degeneration from regeneration. Staining reagents since the late 1800s were widely used across all disciplines and for nerve tissue and became a key contributor to advancement in nerve-related research. Silver impregnation identification of Golgi bodies was discovered in owl optic nerve. The staining reagents were even found to enhance the visibility of the organelles. With the advent of time, the knowledge of chemistry helped identify compounds and conditions for staining. Incidentally, the active ingredients of most of them were small molecules. Early attempts relied on available (and often naturally occurring) staining substances. Abstract: In the early days of deciphering the injured neuronal tissues led to the realization that contrast is necessary to discern the parts of the recovering tissues from the damaged ones.
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